CHALLENGE INFORMATION

Platform: TryHackMe
Path: Complete Beginner
Module: Network Exploitation Basics
Room: Introductory Networking
Description: An introduction to networking theory and basic networking tools.

Introduction

Question 1: Let’s get started!

No answer needed

The OSI Model: An Overview

Question 1: Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP?

4

Question 2: Which layer checks received information to make sure that it hasn’t been corrupted?

2

Question 3: In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission?

2

Question 4: Which layer transmits and receives data?

1

Question 5: Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format?

6

Question 6: Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers?

5

Question 7: Which layer accepts communication requests from applications?

7

Question 8: Which layer handles logical addressing?

3

Question 9: When sending data over TCP, what would you call the bite-sized pieces of data?

Segments

Question 10: Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with?

7

Question 11: Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video?

UDP

Encapsulation

Question 1: How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)?

Frames

Question 2: How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected?

Datagrams

Question 3: What process would a computer perform on a received message?

De-encapsulation

Question 4: Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation?

Data Link

Question 5: Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)?

Aye

The TCP/IP Model

Question 1: Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP?

TCP/IP

Question 2: Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?

Transport

Question 3: Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?

Application

Question 4: The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)?

Physical

Question 5: Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer?

Internet

Question 6: What kind of protocol is TCP?

Connection-based

Question 7: What is SYN short for?

Synchronise

Question 8: What is the second step of the three way handshake?

SYN/ACK

Question 9: What is the short name for the Acknowledgement segment in the three-way handshake?

ACK

Ping

Question 1: What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website?

ping bbc.co.uk

Question 2: Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk - What is the IPv4 address?

217.160.0.152

Question 3: What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests?

-i

Question 4: What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4?

-4

Question 5: What switch would give you a more verbose output?

-v

Traceroute

Question 1: Use traceroute on tryhackme.com - Can you see the path your request has taken?

No answer needed

Question 2: What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute?

-i

Question 3: What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route?

-T

Question 4: Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)?

Internet

WHOIS

Question 1: Perform a whois search on facebook.com.

No answer needed

Question 2: What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com?

94025

Question 3: When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)?

29/03/1997

Question 4: Perform a whois search on microsoft.com.
Note: Please ensure you have read the task above before attempting the next questions.

No answer needed

Question 5: Which city is the registrant based in?

Redmond

Question 6: What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com?

Bellevue Golf Course

Question 7: What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com?

[email protected]

Dig

Question 1: What is DNS short for?

Domain Name System

Question 2: What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?

Recursive

Question 3: What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc)? Use the long version of the name.

Top-Level Domain

Question 4: Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain?

Hosts File

Question 5: Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one?

8.8.4.4

Question 6: If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show?

86400

Further Reading

Question 1: Read the final thoughts

No answer needed